Voting & Whipping
Guide to voting and whipping votes from party and caucus members.
Vote Types
When a bill or motion is put to a roll call, elected members of a chamber or committee can cast a vote.
YEA
Supports the bill or motion.
NAY
Opposes the bill or motion.
PRESENT
Fulfills attendance, but is not used to calculate the voting threshold.
Party & Caucus Whipping
Caucus Whipping
A caucus whip establishes the voting recommendation for all members of an ideological caucus. By default, NPCs will follow the direction set by their caucus leadership. Caucus whips carry no tiered levels, and members incur no penalties for voting against the caucus position.
Party Whipping
A party whip sets the official stance of the party. In the absence of a caucus whip, NPCs will follow the party directive. Unlike caucus recommendations, party whipping enforces discipline that carries increasing consequences with higher whip levels.
1-Line Whip
AdvisoryInforms members of the party position and advises members how to vote.
2-Line Whip
RecommendedStrongly recommended vote expected for key legislation.
3-Line Whip
MandatoryMandatory party-line vote. Rebellion carries severe risk of backlash.
Alignment & Defection
NPCs prioritize their ideological caucus over the party. However, higher party whip levels exert stronger pressure, reining in rebellious caucus members.